heroes in history

what it means to be a hero
According to Joseph Cambell's hero structure for "The Hero With A Thousand Faces", a hero must venture his journey, that is, Departure, Initiation, and Return as a hero with a gift to improve the world. The stories of Perseus, Heracles, Achilles, Julius Caesar follow his theory closely.

Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was ruled under the power of Pharaoh(becoming divine after death), who developed served to legitimize the state control and unity f the Egyptian people by means of a elaborate system of religious believes. Pharaoh also made land grants to his mortuary cults and local temples to ensure these institutions would have the necessary resources to worship the pharaoh after his death. The peak o Ancient Egypt's power was during the reign of Ramesses II of 19th dynasty. He created many more splendid temples, such as Abu Simbel on the Nubian border he recovered territories in the Levant conquest the battle of Kadesh. Sun worship was exceptionally prevalent in ancient Egyptian religion. The Sun's movement across the sky represents a struggle between the Pharaoh's soul and an avatar of Osiris. The "solarisation" of several gods (Hnum-Re, Min-Re, Amon-Re) reaches its peak in the period of the fifth dynasty.

Ancient Greek
Perseus
Perseus was the first mythic hero in Greek mythology. He was born in half immoral; he was son of Zeus who came to Perseus's mother in the form of shower of gold and impregnated her. Perseus and his mother then were sent away by his grand father, the King Acrisus of Argos who was warned by an oracle that he would be killed in time by his daughter's son. Persseus was raised by fisherman Dictys whose brother Polydectes fell in love with Perseus's mother and sent Perseus away in disgrace. Polydectes demanded the head of Medusa, one of the Gorgans who turns people into stone. After a long time wander, Perseus had Mermes help to accomplish his mission. On his way return to Seriphos, he rescued the daughter of King Cepheus, Andromeda and wed her. Perseus returned home and founded Mycenae.

Heracles
Heracles was a divine hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, and the great grandson of Perseus. Zeus disguising himself as Alcmene's husband and impregnated her. Hera then often conspired Zeus' offspring as revenge for her husband's infidelities. She tried to stop Alcmene gave birth to Heracles. Heracles was sent to tend cattle on a mountain by his foster father after he killed his music tutor. Heracles was visited by tow nymphs and offered him a choice between an easy life or severe but glorious life. He chose the tough one and complete the task. Later, Heracles married King's daughter; however, Hera drove Heracles into madness and killed both Megara and their children our of jealous of Heracles . To pay for the crime, Heracles was asked to carry out 12 labors set by his arch-enemy, Eurystheus, who had become king in Heracles' place. Heracles accomplished these tasks. Heracles married four times. He was killed by the plot which set by Nessus who attempted to rape Heracles' wife. After death the gods transformed Heracles into an immortal.

Achilles
Achilles was the son of mortal Peleus, king of the Myrmidons, and the immortal sea nymph Thetis. He was a hero of the Trojan War. Achilles first refused the call to fight/lead his troops alongside the other Greek forces; however, as he received the death of Patroclues, who was consented to lead the battle, Achilles ended his refusal to fight and took th field killing many men in his rage. The god tried to drown Achilles to restrain him but stopped by Hera and Hephaestus. Finally, Achilles got his vengeance by killing Hector but latesr killed by Paris, Hector's coward brother. Achilles was undefeated except his heel.

Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar was a hero who transformed the Roman Republic into the Rome Empire. Caesar was born into a patrician family. He was nominated to be the high priest after the death of his father. He joined the army and later played more important role in his political journey. He faced with the choice between a triumph and the consulship; Caesar chose the consulship. Caesar was elected as a dictator; he was considered the best orator ad author of prose in Rome.



Alexander III
Alexander was an ancient Greek, the son of King Philip II, the king of Macedon; he conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire (Anatolia, Syria, Phoenicia, Judea, Gaza, Egypt, Bactria and Mesopotamia) and extended the boundaries of his own empire as far as the borders of Punjab by the time of his death. He encouraged marriage between his army and foreigners and practiced it himself. His conquests lead in centuries of Greek settlement and cultural influence over distant areas. Aristotle was Alexander's most important tutor who gave Alexander a thorough training in rhetoric and literature and stimulated his interest in science, medicine and philosophy. Alexander was welcomed as a liberator in Egypt and was pronounced the son of Zeus by Egyptian priests of the god Amun at the Oracle of the god; therefore, Alexander referred to the god Zeus-Ammon as his true father, and subsequent currency featuring his head with ram horns was proof of this widespread belief.


Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha was a spiritual teacher from ancient India and the founder of Buddhism. He was destined to be a prince but he felt that material wealth was not the ultimate goal of life. He then started his journey as ascetic to seek out a greater understanding of life and spiritual fulfilment. After he almost starving himself to death, he started to reconsider his path; he remembered a moment in childhood in which he had been watching his father start the season's plowing, and he had fallen into a naturally concentrated and focused state that was blissful and refreshing, the jhana. After 49 days meditating, at the age of 35, he attained Enlightenment. After his Enlightenment, Buddha was wondering whether he should teach the Dharma (Buddhism) to human beings. He was concerned that, human beings were overpowered by greed, hatred and delusion; they would not be able to see the true dharma. However, a divine spirit, Brahmā Sahampati, interceded and asked that he teach the dharma to the world, as "there will be those who will understand the Dharma". With his great compassion to all beings in the universe, the Buddha agreed to become a teacher.


Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan is one of history's more charismatic and dynamic leaders. He conquered more territory than any other conqueror, and his established the largest contiguous empire in history. Even today his legacy continues in Asia, for without Genghis Khan there would not be a Mongolia. Genghis Khan was first called Temuchin. He endured many hardships, including the kidnapping of his wife Borte, but slowly recruited supporters and assumed a mantle of leadership among the Mongols. After rising to power in 1185, Temuchin experienced numerous setbacks and, eventually, victories. He led his armies against the Jin Dynasty that ruled northern China. War continued against the Jin until 1234, after his death. He was buried in an unmarked grave somewhere in his native Mongolia. His descendants went on to stretch the Mongol Empire across most of Eurasia, conquering all of modern-day China and Mongolia, as well as substantial portions of modern Russia, southern Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

Napoleon
Napoleon was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic, Emperor of the French, King of Italy, Mediator of the Swiss Confederation and Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine. He developed relatively few military innovations. He drew his best tactics from a variety of sources and scored several major victories with a modernized and reformed French army. His campaigns are studied at military academies all over the world and he is widely regarded as one of history's greatest commanders. Napoleon is also remembered for the establishment of the Napoleonic Code (Code Napoléon), which laid the bureaucratic foundations for the modern French state.









A brief history of Heroes

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,708937-1,00.html

hero categories/system

Hero categories are characterized by point-based character creation and the rigor with which it measures character abilities.

Heroes in fiction-
Superman
Superman is a fictional, comic book superhero widely considered to be one of the most famous and popular characters and an American cultural icon with a strong moral compass. Upon reaching maturity the character develops superhuman abilities, resolving to use these for the benefit of humanity. With the success of his adventures, Superman helped to create the superhero genre and establish its primacy within the American comic book.. Superman is an alien; he is hailed as "The Man of Steel," "The Man of Tomorrow," and "The Last Son of Krypton". Superman has also held fascination for scholars, with cultural theorists, commentators, and critics alike exploring the character's impact and role in the United States and the rest of the world.

Heroes as a medical profession-
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910)
Florence Nightingale is the founder of modern nursing. She transformed nursing into a respectable profession and set the standards for clean, safe hospitals in the world; nursing wasn't a respectable profession at the time. 1854 Nightingale pioneered modern nursing in Crimean War. 1856 returned to England heroine, confidante to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. 1857 influenced reform of army medical system (implemented in 1859). Nightingale is honored as the first great nurse of the world.

Heroes as a movie stars-
Christopher Reeve
Reeve was best known for his role as Superman -- he was Superman. Reeve said, "What makes Superman a hero is not that he has power, but that he has the wisdom and the maturity to use the power wisely. From an acting point of view, that's how I approached the part." Life was going great until 1995. During the cross-country portion of a horseback riding show, he was thrown off his horse head first onto the ground. He fractured the uppermost vertebrae in his spinal cord and couldn't breathe. Superman was paralyzed from the neck down. Christopher Reeve was susceptible to diseases and used an electronic wheelchair to move around. Despite that, he remained very active. He started the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation, which supports research to develop cures and treatments for paralysis. Christopher Reeve, brave warrior for spinal cord and stem cell research.

Jackie Chan
Jackie Chan has come a long way from his poverty-stricken childhood in Hong Kong, but he hasn't forgotten that there are still people suffering. Besides using laughter to heal and entertain his audiences, Jackie continues to dedicate his time and money to worthwhile causes. Jackie Chan does more than make incredible movies, though. He also founded the Jackie Chan Charitable Foundation in Hong Kong, and then in Japan. This foundation provides scholarships to needy students and assists injured performers and their families. He also has a Jackie Chan Youth Center in Hong Kong. Jackie assists those in America as well as his home country. He raised $300,000 dollars for an organization called Self-Help for the Elderly, which is based in San Francisco. The organization dedicated a center for Alzheimer's patients in Jackie's name in gratitude for his efforts. Another organization, called the Jackie Chan Sends Warmth Movement, provided winter coats for the elderly and homeless.

Heroes as a scientist-
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci is, known as one of the greatest inventors and thinkers of the Italian Renaissance. He was an architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, and "inventor of genius." He was the prime example of the Renaissance's idea of a "whole and complete person." He especially excelled in science and art, and was always thinking outside of the box. Many of his ideas have been an inspiration for some modern technology. His most famous and important discoveries were in human anatomy. Leonardo was the first to believe that knowledge about the world must be based on scientific evidence from experiments.

Albert Einstein
Einstein’s genius and fascination with nature pointed him toward a life of scientific discovery. His first publication(1905) is known as the 'Special Theory of Relativity.' It introduced an entirely new concept of time and motion. As a mathematical addition to this theory, Einstein introduced his famous equation, E=mc2, which he called 'energy-mass equivalence'. Einstein was regarded as the rising star of theoretical physics. In 1916, about halfway through the First World War, Einstein published his famous General Theory of Relativity. In November 1921, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Einstein surrendered his lifelong pacifism in 1939, when he wrote a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt encouraging the President to begin atomic weapon research. He felt uneasy about the rise in power of Nazi Germany and was told that German physicists had split the uranium atom. A citation like this could create a nuclear chain reaction permitting large amounts of radium elements and huge amounts of energy to be produced. It was on March 25, 1945 that Einstein sent a second letter to President Roosevelt warning him of the cataclysmic and destructive outcome that would result if an atomic bomb were ever actually used. President Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945 and the letter lay on his desk, unopened! Einstein was burdened by the misuse of that which he loved the most, a mathematical expression of nature.

Heroes as an artist-
Vincent Van Gogh
The mental illness and personal tragedy that plagued Vincent Van Gogh's existence and rendered vast tragedy throughout his life would serve him in his art, propelling him to convey his anguish and despair on canvas. In his 37 years of life, he created over 900 paintings and 1100 drawings, and came to be known as one of the Netherlands’ greatest national treasures, as well as one of the world’s most renowned, respected, and influential artists.

Bob Dylan
Folk-rock singer-songwriter Bob Dylan not only revolutionized popular music by incorporating poetry into his compositions, he also helped create a more inclusive and progressive social consciousness in American culture. Dylan has a loyal following in the music world, he was able to put all the different types of music together and found words to go along. He made the world make sense to the people who listened. and some people even think of him as a shaman, or prophet. He is respected for speaking his own truth.

Heroes in sports-
Michael Jordan is the best basketball player of all time; he gave it his all off the court as much as he did on. He helped many different people, in many different ways. In 1994 he started the James R. Jordan Boys and Girls Club and Family Life Center, named after his father. The Center, which is located in Chicago, Illinois, opened to the public in 1996.

Heroes as politician-
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln is remembered for his vital role as the leader in preserving the Union during the Civil War and beginning the process that led to the end of slavery in the United States. He is also remembered for his character, his speeches and letters, and as a man of humble origins whose determination and perseverance led him to the nation's highest office.

Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. has inspired people around the world with his message of peaceful resistance and racial equality. Dr. King, himself, was greatly influenced by the success of Mahatma Ghandi's nonviolent protests in India. He was a peaceful freedom fighter and civil rights activist.

Heroes in marketing-
Bill Gates
Bill Gates is co-founder of Microsoft, is devoted to humanitarian causes around the world. Bill Gates believe every life has equal value.

Calvin Klein
Calvin Klein has paid particular attention to the images included in its advertisements. These ads are particularly noteworthy for their edginess by questioning gender, sexual, and representational stereotypes. Klein insisted that the campaign was not pornographic -- that the ads were intended to "convey the idea that glamour is an inner quality that can be found in regular people in the most ordinary setting; it is not something exclusive to movie stars and models."


MacGregor's Everyman as Hero


Reference:
http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=Sukarlan_stursula_indonesia_06_ul
http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/ethics/calvin_klein_case_study.cfm

• Heroes in the entertainment world;
• Heroes in history;
• Heroes celebrated in school;
• Heroes in fiction (literature—characters or authors);
• Heroes in science;
• Heroes who have been “life savers.”

hero

what is hero?
hero is a symbol of security and he has a personality. hero or heroine came to refer to characters that, he or she shows courage and the will for self-sacrificein when face of danger and adversity or from a position of weakness, that is, heroism, for some greater good, originally of martial courage or excellence but extended to more general moral excellence. heroism may set as moral examples such as Heracles, Perseus, or Achilles, played an important role in Ancient Greek religion.

Perseus was the Greek hero who decapitated Medusa; founded Mycenae. Perseus was an authentic historical figure to the Greeks.

Heracles was great-grandson of Perseus. He was the greatest of the Greek heroes, a paragon of masculinity; Extraordinary strength, courage, ingenuity, and sexual prowess with both males and females were among his characteristic attributes.






HERO Quotes
“A hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles.”
-- Christopher Reeve quotes

“One cannot always be a hero, but one can always be a human.”
-- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe quotes

"A hero ventures forth from the world of common day into a region of supernatural wonder: fabulous forces are there encountered and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man."
-- Joseph Campbell from The Hero with a Thousand Faces


The Hero with a Thousand Faces

how heroes play roles in advertising

Advertising started playing an active role in the economy of developed societies from the early 1930s. From that period of time advertising was connected to celebrities (Patti and Frazer, 1988). Celebrities acted as spokespersons, in order to advertise and promote products, services and ideas. Those celebrities came from the art scene, modelling, sports and the movie industry. The first advertisers used celebrities as pioneers in order to dictate trends. Today advertising strategies, which involve celebrities, are becoming more and more sophisticated and complicated.

Sport celebrities in advertising
The important role of sports in people’s everyday life could not leave advertisers unaffected. Sport spectators, participants and athletes are appealing target groups for companies which wish to sell them new products and services.

Graphic Novel

A graphic novel is a type of comic book, usually with a lengthy and complex storyline similar to those of novels, and often aimed at mature audiences. The term also encompasses comic short story anthologies, and in some cases bound collections of previously published comic-book series.

Humor was an effective way to address social ills or political agendas. One of the best examples of this type of publication is POOR RICHARD'S ALMANAC, printed in 1732 by Benjamin Franklin. THE YELLOW KID released in 1897. Underground comics began to appear in the mid-sixties. many used satire to comment on political and social issues of the times such as the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights movement. The most successful graphic novel series in the United States so far has been Neil Gaiman's SANDMAN series. The term "graphic novel" was intended to distinguish it from traditional comic books, with which it shared a storytelling medium. The work is more serious, mature, or literary.

Heroes TV Show on NBC: NBC Official Site